Criterios de referencia y barreras para la atención de personas con baja visión en Santander

Objetivo: Identificar criterios de derivación y barreras percibidas por los optómetras para la rehabilitación de personas con baja visión en Santander. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 82 optómetras de municipios de Santander, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado. Se diseñó un cuestionario con 36 preguntas para recolectar los datos que son reportados empleando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 47,5 % de los profesionales tiene claro el nivel de agudeza visual para clasificar a una persona con baja visión. Las principales barreras identificadas para el acceso a servicios de baja visión fueron: el proceso de derivación dentro del sistema de salud es engorroso (74,39 %), falta de servicios cerca (57,31 %) y considerar que los pacientes no pueden pagar las ayudas (48,78 %). Discusión: Es necesario fortalecer la formación de los optómetras para mejorar los procesos de identificación, atención y rehabilitación. Conclusiones: Es importante ubicar como prioritaria la discapacidad visual en Santander, para así robustecer la red de atención en salud.

Objective: To identify referral criteria and barriers perceived by optometrists for the rehabilitation of people with low vision in Santander. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included 82 optometrists from municipalities of Santander, selected by purposive sampling. A questionnaire with 36 questions was designed to collect data that are reported using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 47.5% of the professionals are clear about the level of visual acuity to classify a person with low vision. The main barriers identified for access to low vision services were: the referral process within the health system is cumbersome (74.39%), lack of services nearby (57.31%) and considering that patients cannot afford the aids (48.78%). Discussion: It is necessary to strengthen the training of optometrists to improve the processes of identification, care and rehabilitation. Conclusions: It is important to prioritize visual impairment in Santander in order to strengthen the health care network.

Diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú: estudio preliminar / Situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru: a preliminary study

Objetivo : Describir el diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú evaluadas en el 2019 y 2020. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo del análisis secundario de datos de la evaluación que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPS-MR durante los años 2019 y 2020. Las variables fueron: logro en el equipamiento, infraestructura, documentos/herramientas de gestión y manuales y guías de práctica clínica, funciones, recursos humanos, procedimientos y logro total. Cada logro tenía como puntaje mínimo 0% y como puntaje máximo 100%. Además, se realizó un análisis secundario para comparar el logro de las UPS-MR según nivel de categorización y región. Resultados: Catorce UPS-MR fueron incluidas en la investigación. Seis (42,9%) fueron de categoría III-1 y 6 (42,9%) eran de la región Lima. El mayor logro fue en las funciones (74,1%) y el menor logro en los recursos humanos y procedimientos (41,9% y 40,8%). Finalmente, el logro total tuvo una media de 58,3%±14,6%. Conclusiones : Las UPS-MR tienen el mayor logro en las funciones y los menores logros en recursos humanos y procedimientos. El logro total fue alrededor del 50%.

SUMMARY Objective : To describe the situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that included a secondary analysis of an evaluation performed by the Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPMRS from 2019 to 2020. Variables included in the analyses were achievement of infrastructure, equipment, documents of administration, guidelines of clinical practice, human resources and total achievement. The minimal score per achievement was 0% and the maximum was 100%. Achievements stratified by region and categorization were made. Results: Fourteen PMRS were included; six (42.9%) were category III-1 and six (42.9%) were from Lima Region. Best achievement was in functions (74.1%) and worst was in human resources and procedures (41.9% and 40.8%, respectively). Finally, total achievement had a mean score of 58.3%±14.6%. Conclusions: UPMRS had better achievements in functions and worse in human resources and procedures, total achievement was 50%.

Percepção de pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência sobre os serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil / Perception of parents and caregivers of children with disabilities about rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Observou-se durante a pandemia do coronavírus no Brasil a suspensão das sessões de reabilitação de crianças com deficiência. OBJETIVO: Analisar o andamento das sessões de reabilitação durante a pandemia, bem como a forma de suporte que os pais/cuidadores receberam neste período. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, com delineamento transversal, conduzido on-line pela plataforma Survey Monkey. Participaram pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência motora de zero a quatro anos de idade, que foram recrutados através das mídias sociais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por um questionário com 17 perguntas abertas e fechadas, acessível por um período de três meses durante o período de novembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. RESULTADOS: Todos os questionários foram lidos na íntegra e após observada saturação das respostas, 37 foram elegíveis. A suspensão das sessões nos serviços de reabilitação variou de 2 a 9 meses. Durante este período, vinte e seis famílias receberam orientações do profissional ou da instituição para estimular a criança em casa; para os demais, que não receberam orientações, a justificativa fornecida era que deviam aguardar a retomada dos atendimentos. Dezesseis famílias tiveram dificuldades para realizar as atividades/exercícios propostos pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente domiciliar. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados, através das respostas dos pais, sentimentos de preocupação e ansiedade com a suspensão dos serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia e medo com os possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças. Além disso, os pais se sentiram desamparados pelos serviços de saúde e profissionais.

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, the suspension of rehabilitation sessions for children with disabilities was observed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the progress of rehabilitation sessions during the pandemic, as well as the form of support that parents/caregivers received during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study, with a cross-sectional design, conducted online through the Survey Monkey platform. Parents and caregivers of children with motor disabilities aged zero to four years old participated, and were recruited through social media. Data collection took place by a questionnaire with 17 open and closed questions, accessible for a period of three months during the period November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: All questionnaires were read in full and after observing saturation of responses, 37 were eligible. The suspension of sessions in rehabilitation services ranged from 2 to 9 months. During this period, twenty-six families received guidance from the professional or the institution to stimulate the child at home, for the others who did not receive guidance, the justification provided was to wait for the resumption of care. Sixteen families had difficulties performing the activities/exercises proposed by health professionals in the home environment. CONCLUSION: Parents' responses identified feelings of concern and anxiety about the suspension of rehabilitation services during the pandemic and fear of possible damage to children's neuropsychomotor development. In addition, parents felt helpless by health services and professionals.

[Errata] Percepção de pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência sobre os serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil / [Erratum] Perception of parents and caregivers of children with disabilities about rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Observou-se durante a pandemia do coronavírus no Brasil a suspensão das sessões de reabilitação de crianças com deficiência. OBJETIVO: Analisar o andamento das sessões de reabilitação durante a pandemia, bem como a forma de suporte que os pais/cuidadores receberam neste período. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, com delineamento transversal, conduzido on-line pela plataforma Survey Monkey. Participaram pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência motora de zero a quatro anos de idade, que foram recrutados através das mídias sociais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por um questionário com 17 perguntas abertas e fechadas, acessível por um período de três meses durante o período de novembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. RESULTADOS: Todos os questionários foram lidos na íntegra e após observada saturação das respostas, 37 foram elegíveis. A suspensão das sessões nos serviços de reabilitação variou de 2 a 9 meses. Durante este período, vinte e seis famílias receberam orientações do profissional ou da instituição para estimular a criança em casa; para os demais, que não receberam orientações, a justificativa fornecida era que deviam aguardar a retomada dos atendimentos. Dezesseis famílias tiveram dificuldades para realizar as atividades/exercícios propostos pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente domiciliar. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados, através das respostas dos pais, sentimentos de preocupação e ansiedade com a suspensão dos serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia e medo com os possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças. Além disso, os pais se sentiram desamparados pelos serviços de saúde e profissionais.

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, the suspension of rehabilitation sessions for children with disabilities was observed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the progress of rehabilitation sessions during the pandemic, as well as the form of support that parents/caregivers received during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study, with a cross-sectional design, conducted online through the Survey Monkey platform. Parents and caregivers of children with motor disabilities aged zero to four years old participated, and were recruited through social media. Data collection took place by a questionnaire with 17 open and closed questions, accessible for a period of three months during the period November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: All questionnaires were read in full and after observing saturation of responses, 37 were eligible. The suspension of sessions in rehabilitation services ranged from 2 to 9 months. During this period, twenty-six families received guidance from the professional or the institution to stimulate the child at home, for the others who did not receive guidance, the justification provided was to wait for the resumption of care. Sixteen families had difficulties performing the activities/exercises proposed by health professionals in the home environment. CONCLUSION: Parents' responses identified feelings of concern and anxiety about the suspension of rehabilitation services during the pandemic and fear of possible damage to children's neuropsychomotor development. In addition, parents felt helpless by health services and professionals.

Terapia de rehabilitación olfatoria en pacientes con síndrome pos-COVID-19 / Olfactory rehabilitation therapy in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

El olfato desempeña una función importante en el desarrollo diario de la vida de las personas. Sus alteraciones pueden ser cualitativas (disosmias, parosmias o fantosmias) y cuantitativas (hiposmia o anosmia). Estas alteraciones pueden deberse por enfermedades rinosinusales, neurodegenerativas o infecciones respiratorias como el resfriado común, la gripe y también el SARS-CoV-2, el agente causal del COVID-19. En relación a esta etiología, su fisiopatología no es del todo clara y la anosmia es poco distinguible clínicamente del resto de las infecciones virales, con una duración variable desde ocho días hasta más de cuatro semanas, en cuyo caso se denomina síndrome pos-COVID-19 o COVID prolongado. Este cuadro se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas que se desarrollan durante la enfermedad aguda por COVID-19,y que persisten durante más de cuatro semanas, sin explicación por un diagnóstico alternativo. El autor de este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura médica a partir de un caso clínico con el fin de identificar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre la terapia de rehabilitación olfatoria. (AU)

Sense of smell plays an important role in the daily development of people's lives. Its alterations can be both qualitative (dysosmias, parosmias, or phantosmias) and quantitative (hyposmia or anosmia). These alterations may be due to rhinosi-nusal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory infections such as common cold, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2,causative agent of COVID-19. In relation to this etiology, its pathophysiology is not entirely clear, and anosmia is clinically indistinguishable from the rest of the viral infections, with a variable duration ranging from eight days to more than four weeks, in which case it would be called post COVID- 19 syndrome or prolonged COVID. This condition is characterized by the presence of symptoms that develop during acute COVID-19 illness and persist for more than four weeks without an explanation by an alternative diagnosis.The author of this article carries out a review of the medical literature based on a clinical case in order to identify and summarize the available evidence on olfactory rehabilitation therapy. (AU)

Continuidade do cuidado aos egressos hospitalares da COVID-19: novos e antigos desafios para o enfrentamento da pandemia no Brasil / Continuity of care for outpatients of COVID-19: new and old challenges to face the pandemic in Brazil

Resumo Trata-se de um debate acerca dos desafios da continuidade do cuidado relativo às ações de reabilitação aos egressos hospitalares da COVID-19. O elevado número de internações hospitalares e as limitações funcionais decorrentes dessa doença geram necessidades de cuidado em serviços de reabilitação no nível secundário e na Atenção Básica. No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), essa modalidade de cuidado historicamente foi vinculada à política da pessoa com deficiência, e apesar de haverem alguns avanços para a construção da Rede de Cuidados, ainda existem barreiras de acesso aos serviços. Isso, somado aos retrocessos que o SUS vem sofrendo, à ausência de planejamento adequado, e às dificuldades para a utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação são os principais desafios para a continuidade do cuidado aos egressos da COVID-19. Neste cenário, é fundamental a indução de políticas públicas e programas de saúde a fim de aprimorar as ações em reabilitação, qualificar as práticas de cuidado e estabelecer uma rede de cuidados articulada que consiga dar conta das novas demandas. Para tanto, o fortalecimento do SUS e da Atenção Básica devem ser a aposta principal para a mitigação da pandemia e seus impactos sociais.

Abstract This is a debate about the challenges of continuity of care regarding rehabilitation for outpatients of COVID-19. The high number of hospital admissions and the functional limitations resulting from this disease generate needs for care in rehabilitation services at the secondary level and in Primary Health Care (PHC). In the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde — SUS), this type of care has historically been linked to the policy of people with disabilities, and although there have been some advances in the construction of the Care Network, barriers to access to services still exist. This, in addition to the setbacks that SUS has been suffering, the lack of adequate planning, and the difficulties in the use of Information and Communication Technologies are the main challenges for the continuity of care for outpatients of COVID-19. In this scenario, it is essential to induce public policies and health programs in order to improve the actions in rehabilitation, qualify care practices, and establish an articulated care network that can cope with the new demands. Therefore, the strengthening of SUS and PHC must be the main bet for the mitigation of the pandemic and its social impacts.

Job satisfaction and work context among rehabilitation care professionals in Alagoas, Brazil: an observational study / Satisfação no trabalho e contexto de trabalho entre profissionais de reabilitação em Alagoas, Brasil: um estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Job satisfaction is multifactorial and is directly related to the quality of health services. The main objective of this study was to characterize the level of job satisfaction and the work context of the multidisciplinary teams in specialized rehabilitation services in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. We evaluated the professional profile of participants and sociodemographic information. The Work Context Assessment Scale (WCAS) which is divided into three dimensions and questions adapted from the satisfaction and remuneration dimensions of the Great Place to Work methodology for the Organizational Climate Survey, was used. We included 190 professionals, the mean age was 35.47±9.25 and 86.3% were women. Most participants worked in the capital (60%) and 84.7% had a monthly wage ranging from R$1,000 to R$3,000. The dimension of "work organization" was crucial. The items "pace of work," "strong demand," "performance monitoring," and "repetitive tasks" presented the worst results, but 92.7% are satisfied with their professional activities. The logistic regression analysis showed that more years since graduation and lower scores of Work conditions and Socio-professional relationships were associated with higher job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was found to be high, the dimension of work organization was crucial, and almost half of the participants have already thought about leaving their careers.

RESUMEN La satisfacción laboral es multifactorial y está directamente relacionada con la calidad de los servicios de salud. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar el nivel de satisfacción y el contexto de trabajo de equipos multidisciplinarios en servicios especializados de rehabilitación en el estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Se evaluó el perfil profesional y el perfil sociodemográfico, y se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación del Contexto de Trabajo (EACT), dividida en tres dimensiones, y preguntas adaptadas de las dimensiones de satisfacción y remuneración de la metodología de encuesta de clima organizacional, Great Place to Work. Se incluyeron a 190 profesionales, de los cuales el 86,3% eran mujeres, y la edad media fue de 35,47±9,25 años. La mayoría trabajaba en la capital (60%) y el 84,7% ganaba entre R$1.000 y R$3.000. La dimensión "organización del trabajo" fue crítica. Los ítems "ritmo de trabajo", "exigencia de resultados", "control del rendimiento" y "tareas repetitivas" obtuvieron los peores resultados, pero el 92,7% de los participantes estaban satisfechos con su actividad profesional. La regresión logística mostró que a más años de formación y puntuaciones más bajas en las dimensiones "condiciones de trabajo" y "relación socioprofesional" se asociaban a una mayor satisfacción laboral. La satisfacción laboral fue alta, la dimensión "organización del trabajo" crítica, y casi la mitad de los participantes había pensado en dejar su carrera.

RESUMO A satisfação no trabalho é multifatorial e está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi caracterizar o nível de satisfação e o contexto de trabalho de equipes multidisciplinares de serviços especializados em reabilitação no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi avaliado o perfil profissional e sociodemográfico e foram aplicadas a escala de avaliação do contexto de trabalho (EACT), que é dividida em três dimensões, e questões adaptadas das dimensões de satisfação e remuneração da metodologia Great Place to Work da pesquisa de clima organizacional. Incluímos 190 profissionais, sendo 86,3% do sexo feminino, e a idade média foi de 35,47±9,25 anos. A maioria trabalhava na capital (60%) e 84,7% recebiam mensalmente de R$ 1.000,00 a R$ 3.000,00. A dimensão organização do trabalho foi considerada crítica. Os itens ritmo de trabalho, cobrança por resultados, fiscalização do desempenho e tarefas repetitivas tiveram os piores resultados, mas 92,7% dos participantes estavam satisfeitos com suas atividades profissionais. A regressão logística mostrou que mais anos de formado e menores pontuações nas dimensões condições de trabalho e relações socioprofissionais estão associados com maior satisfação no trabalho. A satisfação no trabalho foi alta, a dimensão organização do trabalho crítica, e quase metade dos participantes já pensaram em deixar sua carreira.

La rehabilitación integral en pacientes post COVID-19

Introducción: El equipo de rehabilitación asume un papel importante en el manejo de secuelas que pueden derivarse de la COVID-19 por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes que han padecido la COVID-19 y relacionar las pautas terapéuticas en rehabilitación con variables de interés. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Policlínico Universitario Santa Clara, de enero a septiembre del año 2021. En la totalidad de pacientes 322 con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, por la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real con examen negativo al egreso. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, comorbilidades, síntomas y presencia de complicaciones en el curso de la enfermedad, síntomas post COVID-19, pautas rehabilitadoras. Se mostraron distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de independencia basada en la distribución chi cuadrado. Se tuvo en cuenta consideraciones éticas. Resultados: Prevaleció el sexo masculino y el grupo de edad entre 18 a 59 años; la comorbilidad más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial. En el curso de la enfermedad fue la tos el síntoma más frecuente y en la valoración post COVID-19 la debilidad muscular. Un porcentaje elevado de casos necesitó rehabilitación, ya sea domiciliaria o institucional. La necesidad de rehabilitación domiciliaria o institucional alcanzó mayor frecuencia ante la presencia de comorbilidades y complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las comorbilidades y complicaciones mostraron una relación estadísticamente significativa con las pautas terapéuticas.

Introduction: The rehabilitation team assumes an important role in the management of sequelae that may result from COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objectives: To characterize patients who have suffered from COVID-19 and relate therapeutic guidelines in rehabilitation with variables of interest. Methods: A descriptive study at the Santa Clara University Polyclinic, from January to September 2021. In all patients (322) with a confirmed diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2, by the polymerase chain reaction test in time real with negative exam at discharge. The variables were studied: age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms and presence of complications in the course of the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, rehabilitation guidelines. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were shown. In the statistical analysis, the test of independence based on the chi-square distribution was used. Ethical considerations were taken into account. Results: The male sex and the age group between 18 to 59 years prevailed; the most frequent comorbidity was high blood pressure. During the course of the disease, cough was the most frequent symptom and in the post-COVID-19 assessment, muscle weakness. A high percentage of cases required rehabilitation, either home or institutional. The need for home or institutional rehabilitation was more frequent in the presence of comorbidities and complications. Conclusions: Comorbidities and complications showed a statistically significant relationship with therapeutic guidelines.

Efectividad de la crioterapia y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea en deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular / Effectiveness of cryotherapy and nervous transcutaneous electro stimulation in sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system

Introducción: El trauma grave constituye una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad. Si bien es una enfermedad muy heterogénea en cuanto a su origen, tipos lesionales y gravedad, existe gran incertidumbre en cuanto a su pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la crioterapia y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del dolor y el edema en deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte descriptivo y retrospectivo, de 5 548 deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular, que acudieron al Servicio de Rehabilitación Física del Estadio José Antonio Huelga de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, entre noviembre de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, para recibir crioterapia y electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del edema y el dolor. Entre las variables estudiadas figuraron: sexo, edad, tipo de deporte que practicaban, lesiones que presentaban, recuperación y tiempo de desaparición de los síntomas. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (66,83 %), el grupo etario de 8-21 años (57,33 %), el futbol y el atletismo como deportes con mayor número de afectados (23,08 y 22,85 %, respectivamente), así como los esquinces (56,54 %) y las fracturas (20,81 %) como lesiones principales. Conclusiones: La terapia aplicada resultó efectiva y segura para disminuir el edema y el dolor en los deportistas a causa de enfermedades traumáticas del sistema osteomioarticular.

Introduction: The serious trauma constitutes one of the main causes of death and disability. Although it is a very heterogeneous disease as for its origin, types of injure and seriousness, great uncertainty exists as for its prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy and the nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of pain and edema in sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 5548 sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system was carried out, they went to the Physical Rehabilitation Service of the José Antonio Huelga Stadium in Sancti Spíritus, between November, 2018 and December, 2019, to receive cryotherapy and nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of edema and pain. Among the studied variables figured: sex, age, type of sport that they practiced, injure that presented recovery and time of disappearance of symptoms. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (66.83 %), the 18-21 age group (57.33 %), football and athletics as sports with a higher number of affected patients (23.08 and 22.85 %, respectively), as well as sprains (56.54 %) and fractures (20.81%) as main lesions. Conclusions: The applied therapy was effective and safe to diminish the edema and pain in sportsmen due to traumatic diseaes of the osteomyoarticular system.

Determinantes intermedios de la salud en personas institucionalizadas reincidentes en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas / Intermediate determinants of health in institutionalized people who relapse into the consumption of psychoactive substances

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar los determinantes intermedios de la salud en consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) reincidentes que están siendo atendidos en un centro de rehabilitación (UNIPSSAM IPS) de la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia, durante 2021. Métodos Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 21 personas reincidentes en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas que asisten a un centro de rehabilitación de Valledupar, quienes, previo consentimiento informado, diligenciaron el instrumento de recolección de datos. La información fue procesada en SPSS y resumida en tablas uni y bivariadas. Resultados Se evidencian historias de consumo progresivo asociado a determinantes intermedios de salud, en especial circunstancias materiales de vida y comportamentales, mientras que las socioambientales, sobre todo derechos e inclusión social, parecen no afectar la reincidencia. Conclusiones Es necesario realizar intervenciones y programas, orientados a la comunidad, familia e individuo, las cuales tengan un enfoque promocional de la salud y preventivo de la reincidencia en el consumo de psicoactivos, al tiempo que se fortalezca la investigación en este campo.

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the intermediate determinants of health in recidivist psychoactive substances (PS) users who are being treated at a rehabilitation center (UNIPSSAM IPS) in the city of Valledupar, Colombia, during 2021. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional cohort research. The sample consisted of 21 repeat offenders in the consumption of psychoactive substances who attend a rehabilitation center in Valledupar, who, with prior informed consent, filled out the data collection instrument. The information was processed in SPSS and summarized in uni-and bivariate charts. Results Histories of progressive consumption are evident, associated with intermediate determinants of health, especially material life, and behavioral circumstances, while socio-environmental ones, in particular rights and social inclusion, do not seem to affect recidivism. Conclusions It is necessary to carry out interventions and programs, oriented to the community, family and individual, that have a promotional approach to health and prevent recidivism in the consumption of psychoactive substances, while strengthening research in this field.

Reabilitação pós-COVID-19: demandas dos pacientes e resultado da intervenção por equipe multidisciplinar / Recovery after covid-19: treatment program in an integrated rehabilitation center

Apesar de atingirem padrões de alta clínica, pacientes com COVID-19 não retomam as atividades cotidianas devido à incapacidade, sendo o processo de reabilitação de interesse dos serviços de saúde e sociedade. Objetivos:Descrever o nível de funcionalidade do paciente pós-COVID-19 e resultados de um processo de reabilitação multidisciplinar.Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, relativo à avaliação das demandas e processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar. Resultados: 22 pacientes participaram do estudo, idade 48,46 anos (±12,63), 50% homens, sendo que 81,8% apresentavam comorbidades e 95,5% sobrepeso ou algum grau de obesidade. Todos apresentaram diminuição na QV (SF36) e não alcançaram a distância média esperada para o teste de 6 minutos, 20 pacientes apresentaram dispnéia para realizar as atividades cotidianas e 21 apresentaram limitação na Escala de Status Funcional pós-COVID-19 (PCSF). O resultado do processo de reabilitação com 20 pacientes, mostrou na comparação antes e depois, diferenças significativas na força muscular (,000) PeakFlow Meter (,000), Berg (,000), Barthel (,001), teste 6 minutos para freqüência cardíaca (,002) e distância percorrida (,000). Na SF-36 para os domínios de Estado Geral da Saúde (,058) e Aspectos Emocionais (,194) a diferença não foi significativa. Para as variáveis ordinais houve diferença significativa para PCSF (,000) e dispnéia (,000).Conclusão: O estudo aponta que a incapacidade do paciente teve maior correlação na entrada do serviço com o tempo de internação e que um processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar melhora na funcionalidade e QV do paciente com sequelas de COVID-19.

Despite reaching clinical discharge standards, patients with COVID-19 do not resume daily activities due to disability, and the rehabilitation process is of interest to health services and society. Objectives:To describe the post-COVID-19 patient's level of functionality and the result of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation process. Methods:observational, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, related to the assessment of demands and interdisciplinary rehabilitation process. Results:22 patients participated in the study, age 48.46 years (±12.63), 50% were men, 81.8% had comorbidities and 95.5% were overweight or had some degree of obesity. All of them had a decrease in QoL (SF36) and did not reach the average distance expected for the 6-minute test, 20 patients had dyspnea to perform daily activities and 21 had limitations on the Post-Covid Functional Status Scale(PCSF). The result of the rehabilitation process with 20 patients, showed in the comparison before and after, significant differences in muscle strength (.000) Peak Flow Meter (.000), Berg (.000), Barthel (.001), 6-minute test for heart rate (.002) and distance traveled (.000). In the SF-36 for the General Health Status (.058) and Emotional Aspects (.194) domains, the difference was not significant. For the ordinal variables, there was a significant difference for post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS)(.000) and dyspnea (.000). Conclusion:The study points out that the patient's disability had a greater correlation at the entrance of the service with the length of hospitalization and that an interdisciplinary rehabilitation process improves the functionality and QOL of the patient with sequelae of COVID-19.

Factors influencing satisfaction of rehabilitation services quality for older people purchased by government / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of structure and process variables on the satisfaction of government purchasing pension service quality based on framework of Donabedian Three-Dimensional Quality Model, Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline and Rehabilitation in Health System. MethodsFrom June to December, 2019, 952 elderly from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan were randomly selected. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the influence of structure and process variables on satisfaction of home care and institutional care service quality. ResultsThe satisfaction degree of rehabilitation service quality for older adults was generally abvoe the average level with the score of (21.19±6.84). And the score was higher in the institutional rehabilitation (23.06±7.67) than in the home rehabilitation (19.31±6.85) (t = 7.93, P = 0.001). Among the structural variables, only staffs training could predict the satisfaction of rehabilitation service (B = 0.088, P < 0.05), and finance was not significant (P > 0.05) after adding process variables. The effect of process variables on satisfaction degree of quality of rehabilitation services was greater than that of structural variables. Information obtaining, autonomy, trust and treat with respect had significant positive effects on rehabilitation service of all the elderly (B = 0.282~0.410, P < 0.05). ConclusionProcess variables are important determinants for satisfaction of rehabilitation service quality. Relevant departments should pay more attention on service process factors such as the interaction between service personnel and the elderly.

Assessment of demand for rehabilitation services and analysis of causes of the gap between supply and demand in China / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo evaluate the overall demand for rehabilitation services from the perspective of the groups with disabilities, diseases, injuries and older adults, and explore the causes of the supply and demand gap of rehabilitation services. MethodsThe literatures in the field of rehabilitation were collected, summarized and analyzed, including policy documents issued by World Health Organization and relevant departments in China, surveys, and researches. ResultsThe demand for rehabilitation services caused by disabilities, chronic diseases, injuries and population ageing were vast in China, but many were still unmet. The main reasons leading to the gap included those population trend and health situation, the insufficient reserve of rehabilitation resources coming from incomplete development of rehabilitation service system early, and inadequate construction of disability reporting system, which could not efficiently meet rehabilitation demand with supply. ConclusionThe strategies to optimize the rehabilitation services system and promote the quality of the services based on the disability reporting system are warranted.

Maternidade e uso de substâncias psicoativas: narrativas de mulheres atendidas em serviços de reabilitação psicossocial / Maternity and use of psychoactive substances: narratives of women attended in psychosocial rehabilitation services / Maternidad y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: narrativas de mujeres asistidas en servicios de rehabilitación psicossocial

Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de mulheres no período gravídico puerperal sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito mulheres presentes em serviços de reabilitação psicossocial. A amostragem foi definida por saturação. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de setembro a outubro de 2019 e submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Após a análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Conhecimento da motivação inicial para o uso de substâncias psicoativas e manutenção antes, durante e após a gestação; Uso de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação e/ou puerpério: a percepção sobre seus riscos; Pensamentos das mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação; e, O sentimento de maternidade e o uso de substâncias psicoativas, que revelam as vivências e percepções das mulheres sobre o uso das substâncias psicoativas durante todo o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Conclusão: O uso das substâncias psicoativas relacionados aos sentimentos de maternidade são considerados negativos, uma vez que a dependência leva à anulação do ser mãe no contexto familiar e social. (AU)

Objective: To describe the perception of women in the puerperal gravitational period about the use of psychoactive substances. Methods: This is an exploratory, qualitative approach study conducted with eight women in psychosocial rehabilitation services. The sampling was defined by saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from September to October 2019 and submitted to Bardin Content Analysis. Results: After analyzing the data, the following thematic categories emerged: Knowledge of the initial motivation for the use of psychoactive substances and maintenance before, during and after pregnancy; Use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy and/or puerperium: the perception of its risks; Thoughts of women who use psychoactive substances during pregnancy and The feeling of motherhood and the use of psychoactive substances, which reveal the experiences and perceptions of women about the use of psychoactive substances throughout the pregnancy puerperal cycle. Conclusion: The use of psychoactive substances related to maternity feelings are considered negative, since dependence leads to the annulment of being a mother in the family and social context. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de las mujeres en el puerperio sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con ocho mujeres presentes en los servicios de rehabilitación psicosocial. El muestreo se definió por saturación. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas de septiembre a octubre de 2019 y se enviaron al análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: Conocimiento de la motivación inicial para el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y mantenimiento antes, durante y después del embarazo; Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y/o puerperio: la percepción de sus riesgos; Pensamientos de mujeres usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y El sentimiento de maternidad y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, que revelan las vivencias y percepciones de las mujeres sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas a lo largo del ciclo embarazopuerperio. Conclusion: El uso de sustancias psicoactivas relacionado con los sentimientos de maternidad se considera negativo, ya que la dependencia conduce a la cancelación de ser madre en el contexto familiar y social. (AU)

Panorama da produção científica sobre Cuidados Intermediários e Hospitais Comunitários: uma revisão integrativa / Overview of scientific production on Intermediate Care and Community Hospitals: an integrative review

RESUMO Mudanças epidemiológicas decorrentes do envelhecimento populacional motivaram transformações nos sistemas de saúde mundiais. Desde 1990, emergem discussões sobre Cuidados Intermediários (CI), visando diminuir hospitalizações, melhorar a coordenação do cuidado e estimular políticas públicas de cuidados próximos ao território. Este trabalho objetivou apresentar e analisar a literatura científica sobre CI, enfatizando serviços de Hospitais Comunitários. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, combinando os descritores "Intermediate Care", "Community Hospitals", "Intermediate Care Facilities", "Long-Term Care", "Hospitals Chronic Disease" e "Rehabilitation Services", nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Após processo de busca e elegibilidade, foram incluídos 30 documentos para síntese qualitativa, provenientes de: Reino Unido, Noruega, Espanha, Dinamarca, Austrália e Itália. Resultados apontam para a eficácia, a efetividade e a eficiência dos CI, com boas avaliações por parte de profissionais e usuários. Os CI, como estratégia de fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde, redução de internações, favorecimento da independência funcional dos pacientes e seu retorno à comunidade, apresentam-se como uma inovação em saúde e aposta promissora. Entretanto, persistem lacunas na literatura que ensejam mais estudos sobre o tema, com vistas a subsidiar a tomada de decisão.

ABSTRACT Epidemiological changes resulting from populational aging have led to changes in global health systems. Since 1990, discussions on Intermediate Care (IC) have emerged, with a view to reducing hospitalizations, improving care coordination, and stimulating public care policies close to the territory. This work aims to present and analyze the scientific literature on CI, emphasizing services from Community Hospitals. An integrative review was carried out, combining the descriptors "Intermediate Care", "Community Hospitals", "Intermediate Care Facilities", "Long-Term Care", "Hospitals Chronic Disease", and "Rehabilitation Services", in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the Regional Portal of Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations bases. After the search and eligibility process, 30 documents were included for qualitative synthesis, coming from: The United Kingdom, Norway, Spain, Denmark, Australia and Italy. Results point to the efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of ICs, with good evaluations by professionals and users. ICs, as a strategy to strengthen Primary Health Care, reduce hospital admissions, favor patients' functional independence and return to the community, are presented as a health innovation and promising bet. However, there are gaps in the literature that lead to more studies on the topic, with a view to supporting decision making.

Factores de riesgo de trastornos coronarios en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica incluidos en un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular / Risk factors of coronary disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease included in a program of cardiovascular rehabilitation

Introducción: La actividad física regular puede contribuir a prevenir las enfermedades al mínimo costo posible, especialmente si se plantea como un hábito de vida saludable y no como una actividad de riesgo que requiere una estricta y costosa supervisión médica especializada. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del ejercicio físico sobre factores de riesgo de trastornos coronarios en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de 41 pacientes que habían padecido un infarto agudo de miocardio y que formaron parte de un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular en el Servicio de Terapia Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso en Santiago de Cuba, desde mayo de 2017 hasta igual mes de 2019. Para ello se seleccionaron los factores de riesgo de trastornos coronarios más frecuentes en la muestra, los cuales fueron analizados antes y después de aplicado el programa. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo predominaron en los hombres (68,4 %), con una mayor incidencia de la hipertrigliceridemia en ambos sexos (56,1 %). Después de aplicada la rehabilitación, se logró una disminución de las cifras de glucemia, triglicéridos y colesterol sérico. Conclusiones: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiovascular mejoran la salud del paciente e igualmente proporcionan beneficios socioeconómicos a la sociedad.

Introduction: Regular physical activity can contribute to prevent diseases at the minimum cost possible, especially if it is a healthy life habit and not a risky activity that requires a strict and expensive specialized medical supervision. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the physical exercise on risk factors of coronary disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: A descriptive investigation of 41 patients that had suffered from a heart attack and were part of a program of cardiovascular rehabilitation was carried out in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from May, 2017 to the same month in 2019. With this purpose the most frequent risk factors of coronary disorders were selected in the sample, which were analyzed before and after the implementation of the program. Results: Risk factors prevailed in men (68.4 %), with a higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes (56.1 %). After the rehabilitation, a decrease of glycemia, triglycerides and serum cholesterol figures was achieved. Conclusions: The programs of cardiovascular rehabilitation improve the health of the patients and provide as well socioeconomic benefits to the society.

Demands and Determinants of Community Rehabilitation Services for Older Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the current status of community rehabilitation services for the older adults and the related factors based on the framework of Anderson Health Model and World Health Organization Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline. Methods:Data from 2016 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey were analyzed with multiple response to explore the needs of community rehabilitation services, analyzed with Logistic regression to explore the related factors. Results:The older adults needed somehow community rehabilitation services (11.07%). However, the ratio of actual utilization of rehabilitation services (0.94%) and the meeting of needs (6.75%) were very low. The demand of community rehabilitation services related with education among the propensity factors (OR = 1.299); income (OR = 1.245), pensions (OR = 1.337), financial support from children (OR = 1.236), community's health support services (OR > 1.547) and community participation (OR = 1.640) among the enabling factors; disability (OR = 2.336) and suffering some chronic diseases (diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, cervical and lumbar diseases, and Alzheimer's disease, etc.) among the demand factors. Conclusion:There are structural differences between the demand and supply of community rehabilitation services for the older adults. Education, economic conditions, community's health support services, community participation and health status are the factors related with the needs of community rehabilitation services, in the framework of Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline.

Rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 recovery: an experience at the physical and rehabilitation medicine Institute and Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute

OBJECTIVES: As patients recovering from the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with physical, respiratory, cognitive, nutritional, and swallowing-related impairments and mental health complications, their rehabilitation needs are complex. This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and functional status after the discharge of COVID-19 survivors who underwent intensive multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation at the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School General Hospital and Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute. We determined the most important factors related to the length of inpatient rehabilitation treatment and present the functional outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on electronic medical records. In addition to the severity of COVID-19 and length of hospital stay for the management of COVID-19 and comorbidities, we collected sociodemographic data including age, sex, height, and weight. Functional assessments were performed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Short Physical Performance Battery; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Revised Impact of Events Scale; bioelectrical impedance; Functional Oral Intake Scale; oropharyngeal dysphagia classification; and nutritional assessment. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in FIM before and after inpatient rehabilitation treatment (p<0.0001). Muscle strength and walking capacity were significantly improved (p<0.01). The most important factors related to the length of inpatient rehabilitation treatment were improvement in FIM scores (Spearman's r=0.71) and gain in lean mass (Spearman's r=0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 recovery improves their functional status and should be considered in the post-acute phase for selected patients with COVID-19.

Unmet Needs and Services Development of Rehabilitation for People with Extremely Severe Hearing Disability Using Structural Equation Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the characteristics and the influential factors of unmet needs and services development of rehabilitation for people with extremely severe hearing disability (PSHDs). Methods:A total of 90 052 PSHDs were included. Multiple response was used to analyze the characteristics of unmet needs and services of rehabilitation. The structural equation model of the received service and unmet needs of PSHDs was developed. Results:The reporting rate of unmet needs of rehabilitation for PSHDs, from high to low, were assistive devices (61.5%), nursing care (24.1%), medicine (23.4%), functional training (17.6%) and surgery (2.5%). The reporting rate of received service for PSHDs, from high to low, were assistive devices (58.3%), nursing care (24.4%), medicine (22.4%), functional training (22.0%) and surgery (2.2%). Structural Equation Model showed that the more services received, the more needs for cochlear implantation surgery and speech therapy (P < 0.001); the better family income situation, the more needs for cochlear implantation surgery (P < 0.001); and age factor had significant effects on the unmet needs of cochlear implantation surgery and speech therapy (P < 0.001). Conclusion:PSHDs reported unmet needs and received services mainly included assistive devices, nursing care, medicine and functional rehabilitation training. Those PSHDs who had received services would report more demand of unmet needs, supposed that improving the accessibility and coverage of services should be emphasized in the development of rehabilitation services. According to ICF model, on the basis of the characteristics of the unmet needs of PSHDs, it proposed to take measures to implement precise rehabilitation services to improve the quality of services.

Systematic Implementation of World Health Organization Family International Classifications in Rehabilitation: Protocol and Roadmap / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore systematic implementation of World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) in the field of rehabilitation: the theoretical and policy framework at macro level, governance and management mechanism at meso level, and implementation modules at micro levels, respectively. Methods:The policy and theoretical framework of rehabilitation development was discussed based on the international rehabilitation policy documents of WHO, mainly as World Report on Disability, Global Action Plan on Disability and Rehabilitation in Health Service System. Protocol and roadmap of systematic implementation of WHO-FICs, including International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHIβ-2) was proposed. Results:With the use of WHO-FICs, the theoretical and policy framework of rehabilitation was constructed, and the contents and principles of modern rehabilitation services were clarified at macro-level. Rehabilitation is an important part of health service, there are six building blocks: i.e. leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service providing, medical technology and health information system. It proposed to use knowledge management system of WHO-FICs, including the classification, nomenclature, definitions, descriptions, terminology and coding systems, to standardize rehabilitation evaluation and statistics. The management and governance system of rehabilitation should be implemented using WHO-FICs. Rehabilitation services are based on the bio-psycho-social model and implemented the principles of people-centered and functioning-oriented. The systematic implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation abide by the model of "Evaluation (ICHI)－Evaluation, Description, Classification and Coding of Functioning (ICF)－Disease Classification, Diagnosis and Coding (ICD)－Rehabilitation Intervention (ICHI)", and with the standardized process of "Evaluation (Functioning and unmet needs)－Diagnose (Disease and Functioning)－Planning of Rehabilitation－Intervention－Evaluation of Outcome". The mic-modules of implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation had been constructed. There were 28 categories of diseases, 7 categories of functioning and 6 categories of rehabilitation interventions in rehabilitation proposed by International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. According to ICD-11 and ICF, it proposed to use WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), Brief Model Disability Survey (MDS-B) and VB40 Generic Functioning Domains (VB40), and the ICF core-sets in evaluation of functioning and rehabilitation outcome. The implementation of WHO-FICs in management of medical records and reporting realized the standardized management of medical record, encoding of diseases, functioning and intervention, reporting of performance, and provided tools for billing, reimbursement and payment management of rehabilitation. It proposed to develop WHO-FICs based clinical data sets and big data to implement functioning-related Diagnosis Related Groups and case-mix statistics. Conclusion:With the systematic implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation, the policy and theoretical framework at macro level had been developed. The mechanism of management and governance at meso level had been explored. The application modules and approaches at micro level had been established. A scientific and effective overall solution had been proposed to enhance the scientific, standardized, refined and informatization level, strengthen the level and governance capacity, and improve the quality, safety and the coverage of rehabilitation services.